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Drug Abuse
The UNODC estimated today that 200 million people consume some type of illicit substance psychopathic. This represents almost 5% of the population above the age of fifteen. Marijuana is the drug most consumed (160 million), followed by amphetamines (amphetamine, ecstasy and metafetaminas) (34 million), the derivatives of opium (15 million) and cocaine (14 million). There was a modest increase in annual consumption of illicit drugs: 4.4% (2002) to 4.7% of the world, probably due to increased consumption of marijuana. The report of the UNODC used the demand for treatment as a way to characterize the substances of greatest impact on public health of nations. Besides the demand for treatment, mortality and crime associated with substance also make the characterization of impact. The report showed that opioid substances that cause most damage to the world population. She is responsible for the vast majority of demands for treatment in Asia (70%), Europe (64%) and Oceania (62%). In the United States, more than a quarter (28%) of the demand for treatment is related to opioid use. In America, cocaine is a substance problem: accounts for 40% of calls Americans and 58% of South Americans. In Africa, marijuana dominates the demand for specialized treatment (61%). In general most of the countries included in the report of the UNODC reported increased drug use among its inhabitants, especially marijuana and amphetamines. In almost half of these there was an increase in cocaine and one-third of these, of ecstasy. Opium derivatives Opium derivatives remain illegal drugs associated with the most serious public health problems worldwide. It is the illicit drug treatment more demand on the planet, being the substance most commonly used by most Asian countries. Most countries, says the UNODC an increase in opioid use among its inhabitants, especially of heroin. Moreover, reports of rampant increases in consumption have become scarce, while reports of sharp falls in consumption rates are rising. Overall, the UNODC believes the heroin epidemic is slowing, which could be seen from the slight increase in production in 2002, preceded by consecutive years of decline. Among South American countries, however, the trend has been increased consumption, plus the rates of consumption and local production (Colombia) remain insignificant.
Cocaine Cocaine is the second drug most associated with public health problems in the world. It is mainly consumed in America, where it accounts for more than half of specialized care for addiction and is at least among the three most consumed illicit substances in all countries. Its consumption is increasing also in Europe, especially in Western countries. Worldwide, the United States is a nation that consumes more substance. Just over half of the countries making up the report of the UNODC reported increased use of cocaine last year. Although significant, the number is lower compared to other years. Overall, there was stability in the countries of North America and some increase in South America should be considered, however, the large increase in the consumption of crack cocaine and coca paste (bazooka) between the countries of this continent.
Marijuana Marijuana is the most used illegal drug in the world. Nevertheless, the demand for treatment is lower than that found among users of cocaine and opiates. However, the demand for treatment is increasing every year. This may be due to increased consumption in recent years and the emergence of more powerful presentations. The prevalence data point as the Oceania continent that most consumes marijuana. Africa, America and Europe come next, with rates around 6%. Marijuana is the illicit drug of choice in the overwhelming majority of countries and among the three most consumed them all. However, there was a tendency to reduce consumption in 2001, although most countries have reported to UNODC a slower increase in the year 2000.
Amphetamines, methamphetamines and derivatives About 0.2% of world population consumes ecstasy. Among derivatives of amphetamines illegal sale, this is the only substance that is passed in the middle of Brazil, and so will be emphasized in this session. The biggest consumers of drugs are in North America (50%) and Western Europe (40%). In the last decade there has been a large increase in ecstasy use, especially among young people. Amphetamine derivatives are the drug of choice in Japan, Korea and Thailand. However, among the three most consumed in all of Southeast Asia and Oceania, and the majority of the countries of Eastern Europe, Central Europe and Scandinavia. Among the illicit substances, amphetamine derivatives are the only class whose consumption has global movement to rise (although slower than in previous years).
Reasons that lead people to consume drugs:
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